Environmentalists argue Peter Thiel’s luxury NZ lodge will ‘destroy’ lake landscape | New Zealand

Billionaire Peter Thiel is struggling with opposition from New Zealand environmental groups more than his programs to construct a luxurious lodge in Wānaka, an alpine city on the South Island.

A organization owned by Thiel had lodged a consent application for a sprawling lodge on his residence, which would consist of a “pod” for the operator himself, water attributes and meditation area. The consent describes “a series of stand-by itself structures, together with a lodge for visitor accommodation for up to 24 friends, accommodation pod for the owner, alongside one another with involved lodge management structures, infrastructure, landscape procedure, water features and meditation space”. The earthworks expected to make it would include more than 73,700m² of land.

Submissions on the consent closed past week – but some nearby environmental groups and people are opposing the plans.

Local resident John Sutton said in a submission to council that the lodge would “destroy our attractive lake environment”.

Longview Environmental Trust argued the site was inappropriate and would be highly noticeable. “No level of mitigation can satisfactorily decrease the stage of adverse outcomes that will be created,” they mentioned.

The Higher Clutha Environmental Culture said the site was “wholly inside and surrounded by fantastic purely natural landscape … landscape of countrywide importance” and submitted opposing the progress, saying “The advancement is most likely to lead to considerable adverse physical variations to the appearance of the natural landscape when considered from general public areas in the vicinity”.

In total, the council obtained seven official submissions opposing or inquiring for adjustments to the system, and none in assist.

PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel.
PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel, a aid of previous US president Donald Trump, was granted New Zealand citizenship following shelling out just 12 times in the country. Photograph: J Scott Applewhite/AP

The lodge is not Thiel’s initially flavor of controversy in New Zealand. The billionaire co-founder of PayPal and Trump supporter was granted New Zealand citizenship in spite of spending only 12 times in the country, it was disclosed in 2017.

Standard route to citizenship calls for candidates to be in New Zealand as a long lasting resident for at the very least 1,350 times in the 5 many years preceding an application but the governing administration waived the need for Thiel on the basis of his entrepreneurial and philanthropic routines. At the time, Thiel was witnessed as section of a broader cohort of tremendous-loaded traders who hoped to obtain up remote New Zealand properties as hideaways for potential societal or environmental collapse.

The property in concern is composed of far more than 190 hectares on the shores of Lake Wanaka, and beneath the proposal, section of it will remain as an energetic farm. In the proposal, Thiel’s firm 2nd Star Ltd argues that the architects “have built the proposal to mix the properties in to the undulating landscape that surrounds them”.

“All of the buildings include things like eco-friendly roofs which extend to the ground of each conclusion of the structures. The green roofs are to be planted with the exact variety of plants (and occasional rocks) that come about on the bordering hillock landforms”

The consent paperwork also argue that “the proposed lodge will develop higher end accommodation in the location, whereby the financial benefits achieve throughout the district and beyond”.

The Guardian approached representatives of 2nd Star Ltd for remark.

Loop Architects wedges Thy National Park visitor centre into landscape

Danish agency Loop Architects has accomplished a customer centre for Thy National Park in Northern Jutland, Denmark, which has a concrete composition that is embedded in the coastal landscape.


The creating was built by Loop Architects for a website in the little coastal village of Nørre Vorupør, which is positioned at the coronary heart of the 244-sq.-kilometre park.

An aerial view of Thy National Park visitor centre
Top impression: Loop Architects has finished a visitor centre for Thy Nationwide Park. Higher than: it is embedded into the landscape

It is intended as a gateway attraction to inspire passersby to check out the area, which turned Denmark’s first nationwide park in 2008.

“We received the architectural level of competition in 2019 with a building that achieved the client’s ambition for a visitor centre whose architecture carefully nudges its readers to enter and investigate the park,” stated Loop Architects’ spouse Morten Nymann.

An visitor centre embedded in a dune landscape
Its roof is accessible to people

Loop Architects’ layout responds to criteria stipulated in the competitors brief that the developing should be built-in into the existing dune and heath landscape of Thy Nationwide Park.

The visitor centre features robust cast-in-situ concrete walls that arise from the dunes and funnel guests in direction of entrances from the adjacent highway and automobile park.

A coastal visitor centre in Denmark
The centre is surrounded by concrete partitions and paving

The landscape style by studio SLA makes it possible for site visitors to wander all over, alongside and on leading of the making, enabling them to practical experience sights about the sea, the village and the nationwide park.

Partitions that extend out from the constructing build sheltered community areas that also body sights toward the environment.

The concrete walls and pavement outside the house the constructing have a heat tone meant to reference the area sand. These surfaces proceed into the inside to increase the connection in between exterior and within.

Externally, the concrete is complemented by galvanised window frames and seating produced from sawn picket blocks that emphasise the relationship with the natural environment.

Interiors of Thy National Park visitor centre
A significant window frames outward sights

Loop Architects selected a vary of much more refined components for the building’s inside, with wooden window frames and oak doorways forming section of a neutral and pure palette.

The visitor centre’s most important house is an open central hall with entrances on two sides. A big window in the rear wall frames a check out of the North Sea and the adjacent whitewashed fishermen’s cottages.

Daylight pours into the place via the substantial opening, as well as as a result of a skylight that spans the whole width of the rear wall and illuminates a exhibit of the region’s flora and fauna.

Danish visitor centre with wood and concrete interiors
Wood window frames and oak doorways characteristic inside of

In other places, Dorte Mandrup is also coming up with a visitor centre that is partly embedded into its coastal surroundings. Named The Whale, it will be utilised as a viewpoint for whale watching in Norway.

On the island of Serifos, Mold Architects submerged a house into a rocky hillside and incorporated big glazed openings that seem straight out to sea.

Photography is by Rasmus Hjortshøj, Coastline.

A Landscape Architect Who Loves Ruins and Hates Ruin Porn

Bargmann’s Main Town Park in Detroit.
Photograph: Prince Concepts

If there was a childhood second when Julie Bargmann experienced intimations of her foreseeable future as a landscape architect, it arrived not all through some backwoods tromp or although touring a lavish back garden but when she was sitting down in the back seat of her family’s station wagon on the New Jersey Turnpike. The good chemical vegetation exhaling sulfurous plumes appeared to her like magic kingdoms, and she questioned about the life of the folks within. Afterwards, when she was in higher education at Carnegie Mellon in the 1980s, Pittsburgh’s ozone-laced air gave her the similar jolt of industrial exhilaration. “You’d occur out of class and scent the steelworks,” she recollects. “The river” — the Monongahela, which was often tinted orange — “was a sublime place.”

Bargmann, who has just been awarded the very first $100,000 Cornelia Hahn Oberlander prize in landscape architecture, in no way misplaced her taste for this sort of wounded and poisonous sites, even after they’ve stopped being successful. Old industrial regions provide out her need to nurse them gradually back to overall health. As a professor at UVA and the founder of a organization she termed D.I.R.T. (small for “Dump It Ideal There”) studio, she rejects the urge to demolish useless factories and scrub the land of memory, to conflate cleanup and obliteration: “For me, the modest or the real way to tactic these unpleasant-duckling web-sites is to be empathetic. I see a put that is impregnated with the labor of generations of staff. That goes deep. How do you honor that history devoid of just resorting to plaques?”

The remedy lies in assignments like Detroit’s Main Town Park, the place Bargmann unpaved a parking good deal and bared the foundations of a fireplace station that experienced been razed lengthy ago. “I blurted out ‘Dig!,’ and up will come this lovely crimson sandstone from the previous enginehouse,” she claims. “The miraculous instant was when they hoisted out of the floor the cornerstone with ‘1893’ penned on it. The customer wished to stand it up and place it on a pedestal, and I claimed no — ‘Put it in the ground and set it again to operate.’” Stones, bricks, and asphalt grew to become the uncooked elements for a new pattern of pavers, interspersed with trees to variety an city woodland. The end result is a community place layered with memory.

Bargmann preaches an ethic of modesty and restraint. As an alternative of transferring great mountains of earth, generating the land conform to a drawing, sift by means of what is previously there. Really do not delete maintain. Rather than glamorizing and framing industry’s leftovers, enable a web page discuss the language of its very own background. Do minimal or considerably less, and at times absolutely nothing at all.

D.I.R.T.’s company campus for City Outfitters in the Philadelphia Navy Yard.
Photograph: Barrett Doherty, Courtesy of The Cultural Landscape Basis

The conventional approach for cleaning up a contaminated web-site is to “hog and haul,” scooping polluted soil and carting it to other dumps — effectively, going soiled grime all around. Bargmann prefers to depart as significantly of the stuff in place as feasible to prevent spreading poisons “to another person else’s backyard” and aid nature complete its slow-motion cleanup. She starts by visualizing the diverse degrees of contamination and permitting those variants counsel a technique. “I adore to choose the facts from the engineers and do a map of what’s very hot and what’s not,” Bargmann suggests. In which disorders make it possible for, she opts for phytoremediation: applying vegetation to cleanse the soil. At AMD&Art Park in Vintondale, Pennsylvania, acidic mine runoff filters as a result of a sequence of rock-lined ponds that raises the pH to harmless stages, then washes by means of a sculpture park and flows into a restored wetland.

The mission to use landscape as a ledger inscribed with both of those heroic and unsavory history can smack up from her clients’ plans. Often she finds herself doing work for the firms that ravaged the landscape in the initially location and then want to erase that stigma as rapidly and cleanly as attainable. When Ford opened its River Rouge plant in Dearborn, Michigan, in 1928, it was a marvel of Machine Age performance that beguiled filmmakers, painters, and photographers. By the late 1990s, the plant had advanced, leaving some of the unique elements as an archaeological zone of foul ruins, so the company employed Bargmann and architect William McDonough to remake the campus.

“They were being likely to wipe out all the things, and I was just … Why?” Bargmann remembers. “This is the most important element of an built-in production earth — the 1st anywhere! Some buildings were really nasty and most effective dealt with off-web page, but we also planted remediation gardens in entrance of the aged coke ovens, which ended up preserved. If you are likely to honor historical past and operate on the harmful legacy, storytelling is a truly strong resource.”

Turtle Creek H2o Is effective in Dallas.
Photograph: Charles A. Birnbaum, Courtesy of The Cultural Landscape Basis

Not all preservation of industrial relics meets her acceptance: She is not fond of dealing with artifacts like oversize museum objects or community sculptures, prettified by an overdesigned environment. She is diplomatic about the installation of remnants from an outdated sugar refinery at Domino Park in Williamsburg, confining herself to a basic statement: “When the site’s heritage results in being objectified and commodified, it is insulting. That is where you commence to enter the globe of wreck porn.”

Bargmann’s tactic coexists uneasily with Instagram tradition, in which landscape is handled as a frame for a preening item. Her jobs are not conceived to be photogenic on opening day considering that they established up processes that can grind on for a long time. Relatively than plant meticulously coordinated gardens that call for constant tending, she pops in trees and grasses that can be relied on to fend for them selves. Bargmann also has a delicate spot for rough hardscape. “I’ve made a strange palate of the things that men and women simply call debris,” she says. She has properly trained contractors to chop up concrete into big reusable slabs she calls “Barney rubble” and blend smaller sized chunks with crushed brick to generate “Betty rubble.” The mix can develop success that verge on the chic, as at Urban Outfitters’ headquarters at the Philadelphia Navy Garden.

Bargmann appeals to believers, and amongst them is Philip Kafka, the businessman guiding Main City Park. A restless entrepreneur who crafted a New York billboard franchise, Kafka traded that company in to come to be a developer in a single of the nation’s minimum-promising markets: Detroit. There, he carved up and rehabbed abandoned industrial properties, erected a minor city village of Quonset-hut flats, and recycled empty a lot. “We create as minimal genuine estate as we can to subsidize as a great deal community room and as quite a few trees as doable,” he suggests. “Usually it is the other way all-around. Manhattan builders handle landscape as an amenity, and it is about as essential as a gym or a mailroom. But our solution communicates a perception in the foreseeable future.”

Kafka doesn’t just hire Bargmann he inhales her concepts. “The philosophy driving all my perform is a thing Julie says: ‘Great design emerges — it in no way descends,’” he states. He usually means that the two figuratively and literally: Bargmann does not just execute a design and style at her laptop computer or hand off a sketch to her juniors. Instead, she slaps on a really hard hat, tromps more than to the web page, and retains an eye on what the steam shovels and jackhammers provide up. It’s an artisanal approach to industrial terrain, an inch-by-inch therapy of diseased websites that are at times calculated in square miles. The want for Bargmann’s skills and tenderness is just about infinite given that the planet is stuffed with unsightly ducklings: useless malls, factories gone peaceful, sludge-coated hillsides, rivers that operate in alarming hues, oil-stained waterfronts, noxious bogs. To most of us, they are useless zones, very best fenced off and avoided or else purified and rebuilt. To Bargmann, they have all the attract of crime scenes, magically grim and mysteriously eloquent, unspooling their stories 1 clue at a time.

MFLA Landscape Design Studio and the most sustainable winery in the USA

How to generate great wine with no weighing far too considerably on the ecosystem? This query was at the very heart of the Alexander Valley Silver Oak Winery job, which is included to the owners’ other wineries in Napa and Sonoma. Positioned at the foundation of the Alexander Valley hills, the 45-hectare Alexander Valley Silver Oak Winery was conceived to “frame the vineyards”, maximizing and preserving the natural ecology of the location.
The Munden Fry Landscape Associates business hence attentively developed an agricultural landscape appropriate for the community day weather and which fits flawlessly with the architecture developed by the Piechota Architecture studio. This near collaboration led to a vineyard in which the manufacturing facility and the tasting rooms are correctly and sensitively built-in into the landscape. All though also incorporating an agricultural vocabulary that reinforces the authenticity of the location.
From the extremely beginning it was clear that the owners’ aspiration was to produce a vineyard that was not only outstanding in terms of its wine generation, but which, using into account the urgent concern of weather alter and its dire consequences, could also grow to be one of the most sustainable wineries in the entire world. As the MFLA architects clarify: “The problem was how to take an vitality hungry monoculture and completely transform it into a sustainably numerous ecosystem though letting the winery to generate a steady generate and offer a memorable, academic experience for guests.”
The scope of the landscape undertaking contains the growth of the vineyard’s grasp strategy, the format of the vines, the vehicular and pedestrian circulation, the spot of the output and tasting structures, the parking and the areas for visitors and guests and events. It is agriculture by itself that guided not only the style possibilities, but which also serves to guide readers for the duration of the tasting itinerary.
In fact, MFLA determined to maintain and increase the ecological factors of the website, this sort of as the above 10,000-square-metre pond that serves as the principal drinking water resource for the vineyards. A further overall body of water operates together the tasting room and features normal cooling, as nicely as wonderfully reflecting the architectural factors of the vineyard.
The well-informed use of native vegetation accustomed to the area dry climate planted alongside the site’s drainage channels support to conserve water as perfectly as to keep rain h2o. These alternatives let the California-based Alexander Valley Silver Oak Winery to take pleasure on staying the only “zero internet water and energy” winery in the United States. In addition, the landscape architects cautiously picked plants that naturally hold dangerous insects absent from the vineyards, hence dramatically lessening the use of pesticides and advertising and marketing biodiversity.
The Silver Oak Winery, which has obtained the LEED Platinum and Residing Developing Challenge certifications, offers a scarce mix: MFLA, commencing from the pure id of the website, combined with the client’s environmentally-focused objectives, was capable to respond with a layout that supports a vivid and sustainable ecology. At the similar time, the Silver Oak Winery meets the requirements of a operating and successful manufacturing facility, as nicely as presenting an inviting room for connoisseurs of fantastic wines.

Christiane Bürklein

Landscape Architect: Munden Fry Landscape Associates 
&#13
Architects: Piechota Architecture
&#13
Common Contractor: Cello & Maudru Landscaping 
&#13
Lighting Designers: EJA Lighting Style
&#13
Civil Engineer: Summit Engineering 
&#13
Area: Healdsburg, California, United states of america
&#13
12 months: 2018
&#13
Graphic Credits:  Joe Fletcher, Patrik Argast 
&#13
&#13

Social media and deep learning capture the aesthetic quality of the landscape

  • 1.

    Daniel, T. C. et al. Contributions of cultural services to the ecosystem services agenda. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109, 8812–8819. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1114773109 (2012).

    ADS 
    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 2.

    Gobster, P. H., Nassauer, J. I., Daniel, T. C. & Fry, G. The shared landscape: What does aesthetics have to do with ecology?. Landsc. Ecol. 22, 959–972. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9110-x (2007).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 3.

    Abraham, A., Sommerhalder, K. & Abel, T. Landscape and well-being: A scoping study on the health-promoting impact of outdoor environments. Int. J. Public Health 55, 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-009-0069-z (2010).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 4.

    Rice, W. L. et al. Changes in recreational behaviors of outdoor enthusiasts during the COVID-19 pandemic: Analysis across urban and rural communities. J. Urban Ecol. https://doi.org/10.1093/jue/juaa020 (2020).

  • 5.

    Venter, Z. S., Barton, D. N., Gundersen, V., Figari, H. & Nowell, M. Urban nature in a time of crisis: Recreational use of green space increases during the COVID-19 outbreak in Oslo, Norway. Environ. Res. Lett. 15, 104075. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abb396 (2020).

    ADS 
    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 6.

    Maes, J. et al. Mainstreaming ecosystem services into EU policy. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 5, 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2013.01.002 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 7.

    Paracchini, M. L. et al. Mapping cultural ecosystem services: A framework to assess the potential for outdoor recreation across the EU. Ecol. Indic. 45, 371–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.018 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 8.

    Hein, L. et al. Progress in natural capital accounting for ecosystems. Science 367, 514–515. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz8901 (2020).

    ADS 
    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 9.

    Díaz, S. et al. Assessing nature’s contributions to people. Science 359, 270–272. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap8826 (2018).

  • 10.

    Martínez-Harms, M. J. & Balvanera, P. Methods for mapping ecosystem service supply: A review. Int. J. Biodiv. Sci. Ecosyst. Serv. Manag. 8, 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2012.663792 (2012).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 11.

    Raymond, C. M., Kenter, J. O., Plieninger, T., Turner, N. J. & Alexander, K. A. Comparing instrumental and deliberative paradigms underpinning the assessment of social values for cultural ecosystem services. Ecol. Econ. 107, 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.07.033 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 12.

    Bateman, I. J. et al. Bringing ecosystem services into economic decision-making: Land use in the United Kingdom. Science 341, 45–50. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1234379 (2013).

    ADS 
    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 13.

    Hernández-Morcillo, M., Plieninger, T. & Bieling, C. An empirical review of cultural ecosystem service indicators. Ecol. Indic. 29, 434–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.01.013 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 14.

    Hermes, J., Albert, C. & von Haaren, C. Assessing the aesthetic quality of landscapes in Germany. Ecosyst. Serv. 31, 296–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.02.015 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 15.

    Uuemaa, E., Antrop, M., Roosaare, J., Marja, R. & Mander, U. Landscape metrics and indices: An overview of their use in landscape research. Living Rev. Landsc. Res. 3, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.12942/lrlr-2009-1 (2009).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 16.

    Schirpke, U., Tasser, E. & Tappeiner, U. Predicting scenic beauty of mountain regions. Landsc. Urban Plan. 111, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.11.010 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 17.

    Tveit, M., Ode, Å. & Fry, G. Key concepts in a framework for analysing visual landscape character. Landsc. Res. 31, 229–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426390600783269 (2006).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 18.

    Ode, Å., Tveit, M. & Fry, G. Capturing landscape visual character using indicators: Touching base with landscape aesthetic theory. Landsc. Res. 33, 89–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426390701773854 (2008).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 19.

    de Groot, R. S., Alkemade, R., Braat, L., Hein, L. & Willemen, L. Challenges in integrating the concept of ecosystem services and values in landscape planning, management and decision making. Ecol. Complex. 7, 260–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.10.006 (2010).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 20.

    Schröter, M., Remme, R. P., Sumarga, E., Barton, D. N. & Hein, L. Lessons learned for spatial modelling of ecosystem services in support of ecosystem accounting. Ecosyst. Serv. 13, 64–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.07.003 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 21.

    Tenerelli, P., Püffel, C. & Luque, S. Spatial assessment of aesthetic services in a complex mountain region: Combining visual landscape properties with crowdsourced geographic information. Landsc. Ecol. 32, 1097–1115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-017-0498-7 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 22.

    Wood, S. A., Guerry, A. D., Silver, J. M. & Lacayo, M. Using social media to quantify nature-based tourism and recreation. Sci. Rep. 3, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02976 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 23.

    van Zanten, B. T. et al. Continental-scale quantification of landscape values using social media data. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 113, 12974–12979. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614158113 (2016).

    ADS 
    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 24.

    Tenerelli, P., Demšar, U. & Luque, S. Crowdsourcing indicators for cultural ecosystem services: A geographically weighted approach for mountain landscapes. Ecol. Indic. 64, 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.12.042 (2016).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 25.

    Richards, D. R. & Tunçer, B. Using image recognition to automate assessment of cultural ecosystem services from social media photographs. Ecosyst. Serv. 31, 318–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.09.004 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 26.

    Sinclair, M., Mayer, M., Woltering, M. & Ghermandi, A. Valuing nature-based recreation using a crowdsourced travel cost method: A comparison to onsite survey data and value transfer. Ecosyst. Serv. 45, 101165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101165 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 27.

    Antoniou, V. et al. Investigating the feasibility of geo-tagged photographs as sources of land cover input data. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5050064 (2016).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 28.

    Mancini, F., Coghill, G. M. & Lusseau, D. Quantifying wildlife watchers’ preferences to investigate the overlap between recreational and conservation value of natural areas. J. Appl. Ecol. 56, 387–397. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13274 (2019).

  • 29.

    Hollenstein, L. & Purves, R. Exploring place through user-generated content: Using Flickr tags to describe city cores. J. Spatial Inf. Sci. 1, 21–48. https://doi.org/10.5311/JOSIS.2010.1.3 (2010).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 30.

    Donahue, M. L. et al. Using social media to understand drivers of urban park visitation in the Twin Cities, MN. Landsc. Urban Plan. 175, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.02.006 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 31.

    LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y. & Hinton, G. Deep learning. Nature 521, 436–444. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14539 (2015).

    ADS 
    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 32.

    Naik, N., Kominers, S. D., Raskar, R., Glaeser, E. L. & Hidalgo, C. A. Computer vision uncovers predictors of physical urban change. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 114, 7571–7576. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619003114 (2017).

  • 33.

    Toivonen, T. et al. Social media data for conservation science: A methodological overview. Biol. Conserv. 233, 298–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.01.023 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 34.

    Zhang, F., Zhou, B., Ratti, C. & Liu, Y. Discovering place-informative scenes and objects using social media photos. R. Soc. Open Sci. 6, 181375. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181375 (2019).

    ADS 
    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 35.

    Srivastava, S., Vargas Muñoz, J. E., Lobry, S. & Tuia, D. Fine-grained landuse characterization using ground-based pictures: A deep learning solution based on globally available data. Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 34, 1117–1136. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2018.1542698 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 36.

    Egarter Vigl, L. et al. Harnessing artificial intelligence technology and social media data to support cultural ecosystem service assessments. People Nat. 3, 673–685. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10199 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 37.

    ScenicOrNot. ScenicOrNot Dataset (2015). http://scenicornot.datasciencelab.co.uk.

  • 38.

    Seresinhe, C. I., Moat, H. S. & Preis, T. Quantifying scenic areas using crowdsourced data. Environ. Plan. B Urban Anal. City Sci. 45, 567–582. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265813516687302 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 39.

    Chesnokova, O., Nowak, M. & Purves, R. S. A crowdsourced model of landscape preference. In 13th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2017), vol. 86. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2017.19 (2017).

  • 40.

    Seresinhe, C. I., Tobias, P. & Moat, H. S. Using deep learning to quantify the beauty of outdoor places. R. Soc. Open Sci.. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170170 (2017).

    MathSciNet 
    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 41.

    Workman, S., Souvenir, R. & Jacobs, N. Understanding and mapping natural beauty. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), vol. 4, 5590–5599. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2017.596 (2017).

  • 42.

    Marcos, D. et al. Contextual semantic interpretability. In Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Computer Vision (2020).

  • 43.

    Arendsen, P., Marcos, D. & Tuia, D. Concept discovery for the interpretation of landscape scenicness. Mach. Learn. Knowl. Extract.https://doi.org/10.3390/make2040022 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 44.

    Levering, A., Marcos, D. & Tuia, D. On the relation between landscape beauty and land cover: A case study in the U.K. at Sentinel-2 resolution with interpretable AI. ISPRS J. Photogram. Remote Sens. 177, 194–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2021.04.020 (2021).

    ADS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 45.

    Havinga, I., Bogaart, P. W., Hein, L. & Tuia, D. Defining and spatially modelling cultural ecosystem services using crowdsourced data. Ecosyst. Serv. 43, 101091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101091 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 46.

    Oteros-Rozas, E., Martín-López, B., Fagerholm, N., Bieling, C. & Plieninger, T. Using social media photos to explore the relation between cultural ecosystem services and landscape features across five European sites. Ecol. Indic. 94, 74–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.02.009 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 47.

    Englund, O., Berndes, G. & Cederberg, C. How to analyse ecosystem services in landscapes—A systematic review. Ecol. Indic. 73, 492–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.10.009 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 48.

    Zhou, B., Lapedriza, A., Khosla, A., Oliva, A. & Torralba, A. Places: A 10 million image database for scene recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 40, 1452–1464. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2017.2723009 (2017).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 49.

    Patterson, G., Xu, C., Su, H. & Hays, J. The SUN attribute database: Beyond categories for deeper scene understanding. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 108, 59–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-013-0695-z (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 50.

    Lee, H., Seo, B., Koellner, T. & Lautenbach, S. Mapping cultural ecosystem services 2.0—Potential and shortcomings from unlabeled crowd sourced images. Ecol. Indic. 96, 505–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.08.035 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 51.

    Ulrich, R. S. Visual landscapes and psychological well-being. Landsc. Res. 4, 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397908705892 (1979).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 52.

    Cordingley, J. E., Newton, A. C., Rose, R. J., Clarke, R. T. & Bullock, J. M. Habitat fragmentation intensifies trade-offs between biodiversity and ecosystem services in a heathland ecosystem in Southern England. PLOS ONE 10, e0130004. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130004 (2015).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 53.

    Newton, A. C. et al. Impacts of grazing on lowland heathland in north-west Europe. Biol. Conserv. 142, 935–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.10.018 (2009).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 54.

    Tveit, M. S. Indicators of visual scale as predictors of landscape preference; A comparison between groups. J. Environ. Manag. 90, 2882–2888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.12.021 (2009).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 55.

    Frank, S., Fürst, C., Koschke, L., Witt, A. & Makeschin, F. Assessment of landscape aesthetics—validation of a landscape metrics-based assessment by visual estimation of the scenic beauty. Ecol. Indic. 32, 222–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.03.026 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 56.

    Graham, L. J. & Eigenbrod, F. Scale dependency in drivers of outdoor recreation in England. People Nat. 1, 406–416. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10042 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 57.

    Ryo, M. & Rillig, M. C. Statistically reinforced machine learning for nonlinear patterns and variable interactions. Ecosphere 8, e01976. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1976 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 58.

    Karasov, O., Vieira, A. A. B., Külvik, M. & Chervanyov, I. Landscape coherence revisited: GIS-based mapping in relation to scenic values and preferences estimated with geolocated social media data. Ecol. Indic. 111, 105973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105973 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 59.

    Foltête, J.-C., Ingensand, J. & Blanc, N. Coupling crowd-sourced imagery and visibility modelling to identify landscape preferences at the panorama level. Landsc. Urban Plan. 197, 103756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103756 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 60.

    Labib, S. M., Huck, J. J. & Lindley, S. Modelling and mapping eye-level greenness visibility exposure using multi-source data at high spatial resolutions. Sci. Total Environ. 755, 143050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143050 (2021).

    ADS 
    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 61.

    Li, H. & Wu, J. Use and misuse of landscape indices. Landsc. Ecol. 19, 389–399. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:LAND.0000030441.15628.d6 (2004).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 62.

    Weather, U. K. UK seasonal weather summary—Winter 2009/2010. Weather 65, 99. https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.601 (2010).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 63.

    Lenormand, M. et al. Multiscale socio-ecological networks in the age of information. PLOS ONE 13, e0206672. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206672 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 64.

    Li, L., Goodchild, M. F. & Xu, B. Spatial, temporal, and socioeconomic patterns in the use of Twitter and Flickr. Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 40, 61–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2013.777139 (2013).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 65.

    Uuemaa, E., Mander, Ü. & Marja, R. Trends in the use of landscape spatial metrics as landscape indicators: A review. Ecol. Indic. 28, 100–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.07.018 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 66.

    Daniel, T. C. Whither scenic beauty? Visual landscape quality assessment in the 21st century. Landsc. Urban Plan. 54, 267–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(01)00141-4 (2001).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • HOME & GARDEN: Southside Master Gardeners offer Landscape for Life | County Life

    Are you a gardener new to Southside? Have you at any time wanted to take the Master Gardener program but are even now doing work or don’t want to dedicate to the volunteer obligation?

    The Southside Grasp Gardener Association’s Landscape for Existence may well be just what you require. Landscape for Life is primarily based on sustainable landscape procedures. Think of it as a mini-Master Gardener schooling.

    The six classes will get started on March 4 and be held on the each and every Friday in March and the initial and next Friday in April from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. at the South Boston – Halifax County Museum.

    The Landscape for Daily life collection commences off on March 4 with an introduction to soils by Kathy Conner Cornell. Most instances people do not give soil any thought. But, Cornell claims soils are everything to the plant.

    “It is via the conversation of roots and the soil that plants obtain their diet and water. Balanced soils are the basis of a attractive garden,” claimed Cornell.

    Attendees are asked to provide a smaller baggie of soil from their back garden to the class.

    H2o excellent will be talked over on March 11. Leaders of the class truly feel storm h2o management is quite essential no make any difference in which an personal life. Attendees will study unique procedures to properly take care of rainwater in their landscape.

    On March 18, Cornell will overview how to determine the ideal plant for the appropriate place. It is crucial to avoid invasive alien vegetation that disrupt their all-natural habitats. Native plants can normally be a fantastic choice in the sustainable back garden but not always the only selection. Attendees will study what to consider as they make the most effective plant alternatives for their back garden.

    Southside Grasp Gardeners will have a unique address on March 25. A powerful style is the backbone of any landscape. An person shouldn’t set a shovel in the ground right up until he or she has assessed their place and identified what functions 1 needs their landscape to provide this kind of as engage in space, non-public place or entertaining location. The style progress will be an ongoing job but to assistance with the program Jean Blanton, Southside Learn Gardener, will information individuals as a result of the fundamental principles of landscape structure concepts.

    Products, generally believed of as hardscape, will be talked about on April 1.

    In the landscape, hardscapes are typically used for factors such as fencing, arbors, trellises or pathways. This will be a pleasurable session chock comprehensive of concepts on how to use repurposed/recycled elements to define places in the backyard garden. A primary way an particular person can recycle and repurpose is to compost. Attendees will be guided by means of the techniques to make black gold that is so vital to soils. Cornell will direct a presentation on Built-in Pest Administration. Working with chemical pesticides must be the final resort for backyard garden pest difficulties. The IPM strategy facts the steps to be taken before at any time reaching for a pesticide and what inappropriate pesticide use is executing to our wildlife particularly bees.

    The last course on April 8 will be devoted to each and every member’s individual design and style and their distinct problems. Some patterns will be talked about in the class and all people will have the prospect for a own session. Attendees will go away the system sensation self-assured that he or she can have the landscape of their desires and support guard the atmosphere for satisfaction of upcoming generations.

    There will be a $25 charge to deal with the supplies for the 6 sessions. Contributors are inspired to go to all periods to get the utmost benefit out of the classes. On the other hand, if this just does not perform into your plan, person courses will have a $5 rate. The fee is for a loved ones – partner and wife, guardian and experienced youngster or pals. This would make a terrific Xmas reward!

    Progress registration and payment is expected. House is constrained. To sign up, go to the Halifax Extension Place of work to select up an application variety or e-mail talk to@ssmga.org to request an software kind. Mail done sort and look at made out to SSMGA to Halifax County Extension Business office, PO Box 757, Halifax, VA 24558. The six classes will be held on March 4, March 11, March 18, March 25, April 1 and April 8 from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. at the South Boston – Halifax County Museum, 1540 Wilborn Avenue, South Boston. For more info, electronic mail talk to@ssmga.org or phone the extension business at 434-476-2147, solution .