Can cryptocurrencies and CBDCs coexist in this era-defining economic landscape?

It’s a fine day today. You need to wrap up a few trivial tasks at home and pay a couple of bills online. Sounds simple, right? Well, not exactly.

As much as we adore digital payments, including NEFTs, UPI transactions, and more, the concept is inherently hinged on the existing banking hierarchy. While in most cases, the bills are paid out instantly, the concerned banks working behind the scenes do need to exchange information back and forth to make the transaction successful. And a server issue or two only makes things worse, doesn’t it?

In comes CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) and speculations concerning its nationwide adoption! And leading Indian crypto evangelists like
CoinSwitch Kuber
are digging deeper into this new digital realm by dishing out several unexplored aspects for the readers.



Unlike our traditional payment schema, where banks store customer information in dedicated databases, and every two or multi-party transaction requires constant monitoring and insight exchange, CBDC aims to bring the entire payment structure under a single canopy.

But that’s way too much lingo! CBDC is primarily a digital token issued and even backed by the central bank, i.e., the RBI in India. When it surfaces, CBDC will also be regarded as a legal tender.

CBDC in the crypto space

Wait, isn’t CBDC anti-crypto? Well, not by a long shot. For those who are well aware of how fiat currencies and the existing digital payment arena work, CBDC will surely usher into a new and more efficient world of transactions. And guess what, CBDC will have blockchain technology as its backbone, thereby facilitating real-time fund settlements.

NEFTs beware.

But that’s not the only reason why CBDCs are being hailed! Central Bank Digital Currencies, all thanks to the inherent blockchain framework, will make it easier, quicker, and cheaper for the government to deploy complex monetary policies and assign stimulus packages without having to account for the hefty logistics.

No wonder CBDCs will rely on the permissioned side of blockchain technology. This means the blockchain will have a central authority to modify transactions if needed. Doesn’t sound like crypto, does it? Not exactly, but to profess monetary sovereignty and financial inclusivity even for the unbanked, it might just be the need of the hour.

What does this mean for cryptocurrencies?

If you have been waiting for this discussion to surface with bated breath, here is the true picture that lingers. Long story short, CBDCs will in no way negatively impact the popularity and stead of cryptocurrencies. Confused?

Well, don’t be! CBDCs, despite coming across as anti-crypto at the first glace, still use the same technological sets to impact the global transactional infrastructure. The concept of programmable money via smart contracts, basic levels of transactional immutability, quicker payments, and more will still be possible.

And it is also important to note that a majority of global CBDCs are contemplating the use of Ethereum blockchain to set up what will be the inception of a reimagined and efficient form of digital payment.

Inbetween (2)ET Spotlight Special

Crypto-CBDC coexistence?

Short answer- Possible

Long Answer – With India being considered one of the global leaders in regard to crypto adoption, it is natural for digital respondents to be wary of government-backed CBDCs. But then, CBDCs will, in a way, add to the crypto craze by, first, getting the unversed right to the digital realm. And once people start exploring the diverse benefits of a blockchain-driven payment system, it wouldn’t take them long to venture out and look for something decentralized and private.

CBDCs, in their true form, will take centre stage when it comes to making payments simpler and quicker. Standard, decentralized crypto players with their on-chain cryptocurrencies will continue to function and thrive as a part of the crypto asset class.

To simplify further, CBDCs will speed up the transaction and regular payments while
Cryptocurrencies will continue to shine
, courtesy of the diverse use cases and palatial benefits in play. Sounds like a Win-Win!

What’s in it for crypto investors?

Truly, quite a lot. With Ethereum being considered at scale by major CBDC proponents as the go-to blockchain, crypto investors are slowly inching closer to the Ethereum-powered blockchains and their respective tokens. And a vast majority of them are flocking
CoinSwitch Kuber
and other credible Indian exchanges. Some of the key participants in this regard are the BAT (Basic Attention Token) and SNT (Status), two of the more popular cryptocurrencies that have soared quite a bit over the past few weeks.

The bigger picture: Inclusivity

CBDCs are filled with optimism. At least the ones that have blockchain technology powering adoption. But the bigger picture, in an era where financial inclusivity and asset class diversification are the key user requirements, hints at an amicable coexistence of cryptocurrencies and CBDCs. And the moment people start realizing the benefits of blockchain-driven financial rejigs, chain-relevant cryptocurrencies might see yet another bull run, with exchanges like
CoinSwitch Kuber
making wave riding easier for the Indian crypto adopters.

To be honest, the new era hinting at the development of a more inclusive digital payment infrastructure looks up to the snuff, especially with countries becoming more and more privy to cross-border transactions, quicker remittances, and a more compassionate space that doesn’t need to rely on the traditional banking systems. And that is why we are so upbeat about the CBDC-Crypto confluence running point on this.

Disclaimer: The above content is non-editorial, and TIL hereby disclaims any and all warranties, express or implied, relating to the same. TIL does not guarantee, vouch for or necessarily endorse any of the above content, nor is responsible for them in any manner whatsoever. The article does not constitute investment advice. Please take all steps necessary to ascertain that any information and content provided is correct, updated and verified.

architects 49 integrates its diagonal house into the forested landscape

tropical architecture in thailand

 

architects 49 designs a dwelling in thailand dubbed ‘diagonal house’ in celebration of its client’s love for tropical architecture. they wanted something in the team’s signature style, but also something unique and never seen from the studio before. intrigued and eager to create a sense of familiarity in a work that is different and new, the team looked to its past works and proceeded to design with a twist. in fact, the design team literally twisted the core of the house to achieve a new design that fits into its natural context, especially the surrounding slopes and trees.

diagonal house architects 49images © W workspace | @wworkspace

 

 

the diagonal house by architects 49

 

because the diagonal house is a multi-family residence, the team at architects 49 carefully organizes the layout with attention to the movements and circulation of the residents. living quarters for each family were clearly separated, while still maintaining convenient contact with one another. in this way, the project achieves a sense of a familiar environment within the new design.

 

the dwelling is realized with a material palette that is popular in the area, but not commonly used in residential designs. the team notes its use of brass, which is more often found in palaces or temples. these brass elements are integrated into the home to create a touch of modernity and to reflect the owner’s fondness for opulence. this complements the tropical architecture base which was designed to be simple and down to earth.

diagonal house architects 49

 

 

evolving materials

 

architects 49 designs its diagonal house so that is might age naturally and see its beauty evolve across time. eventually the brass will change from gold to brown and ultimately turn black while the gold teak will fade in color as it ages. this intentional detail requires less maintenance as the materials are allowed to exhibit their natural properties over time and the beauty of the home is naturally enhanced.

 

as these changes occur, the atmosphere of the dwelling evolves in turn. the design team notes that this can be likened to the vibrant color of leaves brought about by the changing seasons. the natural world is subtly and profoundly embedded in this house through the selection of materials and its careful placement within the surrounding landscape, essentially merging the architecture and natural environment together. this house is an expression of time and nature.

diagonal house architects 49 thailand-based architects 49 integrates its diagonal house into the forested landscape thailand-based architects 49 integrates its diagonal house into the forested landscape

Editorial Roundup: North Carolina | Rock Hill Herald

Charlotte Observer. Nov. 29, 2021.

Editorial: How North Carolina can prepare for the COVID omicron variant

There’s yet another coronavirus variant out there that could pose a new threat.

The World Health Organization has designated the B.1.1.529, or omicron, variant as a “variant of concern,” its most serious designation for a COVID-19 variant. Officials say the variant, which was first detected in South Africa, hasn’t reached the United States yet, but it’s already in Canada and could reach the U.S. soon.

It’s not time to panic, but it is time to prepare. Scientists aren’t quite sure how transmissible — or how severe — omicron is just yet. Even ahead of the variant’s arrival, COVID cases are rising again throughout the state and are predicted to increase further as people gather for the holidays.

“We need to pay attention to those mitigation strategies that people are just really sick of, like wearing masks when you’re indoors with other people who might not be vaccinated, and keeping that social distance,” Dr. Francis Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health, told CNN. “I know, America, you’re really tired of hearing those things. But the virus is not tired of us. And it’s shapeshifting itself.”

After fighting this pandemic for nearly two years, we know what North Carolina can do to brace for this variant and mitigate what could very well be a winter spike in cases. That starts, of course, with getting North Carolinians vaccinated. Unlike with the delta variant, children ages 5 to 11 can now get a COVID vaccine, and anyone 18 and older can get a booster shot for an additional layer of protection against the virus. Still, the state’s vaccination rates aren’t where they should be — just 57{6d6906d986cb38e604952ede6d65f3d49470e23f1a526661621333fa74363c48} of the total population is fully vaccinated, according to the N.C. Department of Health and Human Services dashboard.

“If ever there was a reason for the people who were vaccinated to get boosted, and for those who were unvaccinated to get vaccinated, it’s now,” Dr. Anthony Fauci told NBC News.

At some point, North Carolina may want to consider re-implementing cash incentives for vaccinations, which slowed the decline in vaccine rates by half at the clinics they were offered, a study found. (The vaccine lottery, on the other hand, had virtually no impact.) But we can’t fight this pandemic with vaccines alone — especially if not everyone is vaccinated. North Carolina and its cities and towns should be prepared to enact measures to contain the spread of the omicron variant if need be, just as they’ve done in the past.

In addition to flexibility and responsiveness, transparency should be a top priority. People are tired of following the rules and will likely be wary of new ones. That means tying things like face mask mandates to local coronavirus metrics, such as the positivity rate, rather than issuing a blanket mandate for an indefinite period of time. In Mecklenburg County, for example, the mask mandate will be lifted if the daily COVID-19 positivity rate remains below 5{6d6906d986cb38e604952ede6d65f3d49470e23f1a526661621333fa74363c48} for seven days.

Gathering restrictions and stay-at-home orders should be considered only as a last resort. In the meantime, cities should discourage indoor gatherings by providing reasonable alternatives. Earlier in the pandemic, many cities allowed restaurants to convert sidewalks and dedicated parking spaces into temporary outdoor dining. It may be getting colder, but outdoor dining can still be an option — well-ventilated, tented spaces with heat lamps can offer a safe, yet comfortable, solution.

It’s also possible that the omicron variant could affect our schools. The delta variant arose over the summer, when the traditional school calendar wasn’t yet in session. Now, the school year is in full swing, and every school system should have a plan to keep students in classrooms learning safely. It may be time to consider regular testing or vaccine mandates for both students and teachers, and once again require masks in the 39 districts that have voted to make them optional.

The pandemic is not over, and now is not the time to give up on trying to curb it. Strong preventative and mitigation measures can help us get ahead of this variant. North Carolina should start preparing for omicron now, rather than waiting for it to strike.

___

Fayetteville Observer. Nov.27, 2021.

Editorial: : Fayetteville City Council shows civility in censuring one of its own

On Monday, the Fayetteville City Council addressed an ugly incident that happened at a committee meeting earlier in November. Necessary awkwardness notwithstanding, the council handled the matter swiftly and professionally.

On Nov. 9, City Councilman Johnny Dawkins blew up at Councilwoman Yvonne Kinston during an appointments committee meeting. During what he himself later called a “tirade,” Dawkins swore at Kinston.

He apologized to her at the council’s regular meeting on Monday.

“I want to apologize to you for losing my cool in the appointments committee meeting,” Dawkins said. “Very respectfully, I ask for your forgiveness.”

Later, Mayor Mitch Colvin, who was also present at the appointments meeting, issued his own apology to Kinston.

“Although I was not in charge of the meeting, I was in the room and allowed the environment to get to a point that it did,” he said.

He said he supported the right of council members to express themselves, but “we’re not going to tolerate any type of disrespect or profanity.”

Kinston said in an interview a couple of days after the appointments meeting that an apology from Dawkins should have come at the same meeting in which he blew up, or immediately afterward.

At Monday’s meeting, she made a motion that he be censured. It was seconded by Councilwoman Shakeyla Ingram.

“I do accept council member Dawkins’ apology, and yes council member Dawkins I have already forgiven you for that,” she said.

But she said she sought the censure on grounds of professionalism and accountability.

We agree with Kinston.

It is important for city leaders to model the concept of respectful debate. Fewer leaders these days are willing to take on that role, but it is as vitally important as ever. We are in an era where civility among political leaders can no longer be taken for granted. Kinston’s actions are important in reminding us that civility and professionalism still matter.

The council voted in favor of the censure at the meeting’s end. Dawkins, who had voted against adding the item to the agenda, did not vote as the issue concerned him.

Just prior to the Nov. 9 blowup, the appointments committee had been discussing the nomination of Carl Manning to the Fayetteville-Cumberland Economic Development Board. Dawkins inquired whether Manning was African-American; he said in an interview later he asked the question so he could make sure diversity was included in the names sent forward to the full council.

Kinston, who is African-American, appeared to scoff at the question. After the meeting, she wrote in an email to council members that Dawkins, who is white, has made comments before that were racial, biased and disrespectful and said his behavior had “progressively gotten worse.”

After the censure vote, Colvin complimented both Kinston and Dawkins for how the matter was handled.

“This was a tough conversation to have tonight,” the mayor said. “I think both of you handled it like professionals and adults. Appreciate it. I look forward to us working together. Thank you, council member Kinston.”

We agree that it was handled well and brushed up the image of a City Council that is looking somewhat frayed at the edges. The exchange between Dawkins and Kinston happened to occur on the same day that Tisha Waddell, the District 3 representative, chose to resign from council on unrelated matters.

It was important to see those acts of civility at Monday’s meeting.

Also on Monday: The full council voted to approve Manning and William Hedgepeth to the Fayetteville-Cumberland Economic Development Board.

___

Winston-Salem Journal. Nov. 29, 2021.

Editorial: Observing the Pilot Mountain fire

It’s the kind of spectacle that people will talk about for decades: They saw the mountain on fire.

As we write, about 30 firefighters from the N.C. Forest Service and the N.C. Division of Parks and Recreation are at Pilot Mountain State Park. They’re fighting a blaze that began on Saturday, the Journal’s Lisa O’Donnell reported on Monday. The fire has since grown to 500 acres — fortunately, confined to state-owned property. All areas of the park have been closed, including sections by the Yadkin River and parts of the Mountains-to-Sea Trail, and firefighters have built containment lines and are taking steps to prevent damage to the park’s visitors center, which opened in 2020, as well as other structures in the park.

The fire’s power has been exacerbated by dry and windy conditions, the Journal reported.

Fortunately, no nearby residents have had to be evacuated.

“We plan on holding the fire to the mountain,” Jimmy Holt, the Guilford County ranger for the N.C. Forest Service, told the Journal. The firefighters seem to know what they’re doing.

“Right now there’s pretty much fire all around the top of the mountain basically,” Holt said.

Many observed from a safe distance as the fire spread, leaping from tree to tree and across hiking trails and roads. Fire, such a destructive force, can be beautifully mesmerizing.

But aside from the spectacle, there’s a serious and even melancholy aspect to the burn.

Pilot Mountain is a popular park; in 2020, it received 1,045,160 visitors. The number increased from the previous year’s 844,858, to some degree, as a reaction to COVID sequestration. But that just shows how much we appreciate our parks as places of respite and refreshment.

Many residents have a deep attachment to this natural treasure. Many who live nearby have expressed a sense of sadness, seeing the forest consumed by fire. There’s also been a loss of wildlife as well as wildlife habitat.

So word to the wise: The fire has doubtlessly led to a panicked migration. Deer, foxes and other animals will be fleeing for days yet. Drivers on local roads and U.S. 52, which passes by the park, should exert all proper caution to avoid deadly and costly collisions with fleeing animals.

Wildfire is always a danger to forests; over the years, firefighters have conducted prescribed, limited burns and established fire lines in our state parks to reduce the threat of raging, out-of-control conflagrations. One was established at Pilot Mountain following a wildfire that burned nearly 800 acres in 2012.

But nature is resilient and will spring again from the ashes.

“Fire can rejuvenate a natural landscape and improve native habitat,” the state forest service says in educational material. “Many species in the Southeast depend on fire for survival, such as the chestnut oak, red-cockaded woodpecker and pine snakes, to name a few.

“Fires break down organic material much faster than decomposition, thus renewing soil nutrients more quickly. This triggers a rebirth of forest, helping to maintain native plant species. It provides more fertile soil and opens up the forest canopy, promoting vitality and the luscious growth of grasses and forbs.”

When it’s safe to open the gates again, we’re sure that visitors will flock to Pilot Mountain to assess the damage and recovery for themselves.

In the meantime, monetary donations to supply firefighters with food and drink, to help them stay energized and hydrated, can be made in person at Town Hall in Pilot Mountain, over the phone at 336-368-2247, Ext. 0, or at pilotmountainnc.org.

END

12 books for the outdoor enthusiast on your holiday shopping list

Got nature lovers among your friends and family? Check out these 12 books that could be the perfect holiday present!

Finding the Mother Tree is a memoir by Suzanne Simard. (Bill Heath, Allen Lane)

Biologist Suzanne Simard discovered the reality of the interconnection and intelligence of the forest. She’s been able to find out that the trees are indeed whispering to each other — communicating not through the wind, but through the soil. Her new scientific memoir, Finding the Mother Tree: Discovering the Wisdom of the Forest, describes her life and research. 

Finding the Mother Tree was the grand prize winner for the 2021 Banff Mountain Book Competition and a category winner for the mountain environment and natural history award.

Simard is a B.C.-based author and academic who grew up in Canadian forests as a descendant of loggers. She is a professor in the department of forest and conservation sciences at the University of British Columbia. 

Why ‘mother trees’ are crucial in fighting climate change

UBC scientist Suzanne Simard researches how the oldest trees in forests nurture, communicate and protect younger seedlings. 2:28

Two Trees Make a Forest is a book by Jessica J. Lee. (Hamish Hamilton, Ricardo A. Rivas)

Two Trees Make a Forest is a nonfiction book that explores how geographical forces are interlaced with our family stories. A chance discovery of letters written by her immigrant grandfather leads Jessica J. Lee to her ancestral homeland, Taiwan. There, she traces his story while growing closer to the land he knew. Throughout her adventures, Lee uncovers surprising parallels between nature and human stories that shaped her family and their beloved island. In the memoir, she also turns a critical eye on colonialist explorers who mapped the land and named plants, and both relied on and often erased the labour and knowledge of local communities.

Two Trees Make a Forest won the 2020 Hilary Weston Writers’ Trust Prize for Nonfiction and the adventure travel category for the 2021 Banff Mountain Book Competition. It was also a finalist for Canada Reads 2021, when it was championed by singer-songwriter Scott Helman.

Lee is a British Canadian Taiwanese author, environmental historian and winner of the RBC Taylor Prize Emerging Author Award. She also wrote the memoir Turning.

The Next Chapter11:58Jessica J. Lee on Two Trees Make a Forest

Jessica J. Lee’s 2021 Canada Reads contender, Two Trees Make a Forest, In Search of My Family’s Past Among Taiwan’s Mountains and Coasts. 11:58 

Watermelon Snow is a book by Lynne Quarmby. (McGill-Queen’s University Press)

Watermelon snow is the name given to snow that goes pink or red from a species of ice loving algae. Watermelon Snow is also the name of Canadian scientist Lynne Quarmby’s latest book. It’s about a recent adventure trip she took on a schooner full of artists in the high Arctic. Her years of climate change activism hadn’t achieved what she had imagined, and she was deeply concerned about the future of the planet.

Quarmby is a Canadian scientist, activist and politician. She is a professor and chair of the department of molecular biology and biochemistry at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, B.C.

The Next Chapter11:54Lynne Quarmby on Watermelon Snow

Lynne Quarmby talks to Shelagh Rogers about her book, Watermelon Snow. 11:54

Land-Water-Sky / Ndè–Tı–Yat’a is a book by Katłıà. (Fernwood Publishing)

Land-Water-Sky / Ndè–Tı–Yat’a is a fictional composite novel with six parts. The experimental work imagines what it would be like if Indigenous legends were part of contemporary life, making mischief and reminding us of the importance and power of Indigenous history, culture and sharing stories.

Katłįà is a Dene writer and activist from the Northwest Territories. Land-Water-Sky / Ndè–Tı–Yat’a is her first novel. 

The Next Chapter1:53Katłįà Lafferty On Land-Water-Sky / Ndè-Tı-Yat’a,

Katłįà Lafferty on her debut novel, Land-Water-Sky / Ndè-Tı-Yat’a. 1:53

Bruce Kirkby is the author of Blue Sky Kingdom. (Douglas & McIntyre)

Bruce Kirkby’s life had become one of distraction — he realized he was looking mindlessly at his phone and social media for hours. It was a cycle that he was determined to overcome and break. With an eye on refocusing his life, in 2014 Kirkby embarked on a six-month journey with his family, travelling to and living in the Himalayas. Their destination: an ancient Buddhist monastery in the remote Zanskar valley, one of the last places where Tibetan Buddhism is still practised freely in its original setting. He wrote about the experience of avoiding modern distraction in Blue Sky Kingdom.

Kirkby is an adventurer, photographer and author from British Columbia.

The Next Chapter18:42Bruce Kirkby on Blue Sky Kingdom

Bruce Kirkby on his latest book, Blue Sky Kingdom: An Epic Family Journey to the Heart of the Himalaya. 18:42

This One Wild Life is a book by Angie Abdou. (ECW Press, Arsenal Pulp Press)

This One Wild Life is the story of a mother and daughter bonding over hiking. When Angie Abdou sees her daughter becoming more introverted, she decides to give them a challenge one summer: to hike a different peak near their Fernie, B.C., home each week. 

Abdou is a teacher, writer and frequent columnist for The Next Chapter. Her first novel, The Bone Cage, was a finalist on Canada Reads 2011. Her other books include In Case I Go and Home Ice.

The Next Chapter13:43Angie Abdou on This One Wild Life

TNC columnist and author talks to Shelagh Rogers on her latest memoir This One Wild Life. 13:43

Ice Walker is a book by James Raffan. (Simon & Schuster, Jason van Bruggen)

In Ice Walker, explorer and adventurer James Raffan asks readers to look at the Arctic through the eyes of a polar bear named Nanu and her family. As climate change changes the Arctic, the bear must figure out how to find food and shelter for her family. The landscape that is warming up, and precious ice is melting rapidly and everything is changing.

Raffan is a writer, teacher, geographer and adventurer. He has written more than 20 books, including Circling the Midnight Sun, Emperor of the North and Summer North of Sixty. His work has appeared in several Canadian media outlets, including the Globe and Mail, Canadian Geographic and CBC.

The Next Chapter12:27James Raffan on Ice Walker: A Polar Bear’s Journey Through the Fragile Arctic

James Raffan talks to Shelagh Rogers about his book, Ice Walker: A Polar Bear’s Journey Through the Fragile Arctic. 12:27

Bewilderment is a novel by Richard Powers. (Dean D. Dixon, Random House Canada)

Taking place in a “near-present,” Bewilderment is a portrait of the love between a bereaved father and his sensitive son Robin — who was partly inspired by climate activist Greta Thunberg. The novel combines the immediacy of a recognizable dystopian reality, including the climate crisis and the threat of species extinction, with imagined life on other planets.  

Bewilderment was a finalist for the 2021 Booker Prize. 

Richard Powers is an American novelist whose works explore the effects of modern science and technology. He won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for The Overstory in 2019.

Writers and Company1:03:37In Bewilderment, Richard Powers explores the climate crisis, life in space, and the love of a father and son

Powers spoke with Eleanor Wachtel about his passion for writing novels that explore our relationship with the natural world. His new novel, Bewilderment, is a finalist for the 2021 Booker Prize. This conversation is presented in partnership with the Vancouver Writers Fest and the Toronto International Festival of Authors. 1:03:37

Weeding is a comic by Geneviève Lebleu. (Conundrum Press)

Weeding is a graphic novel and satirical portrayal of feminine archetypes in the social landscape of the 1960s. Martha hosts a group of middle-aged women at her suburban home on an autumn afternoon. The day takes a sudden turn when Elisabeth, an estranged friend, turns up unexpectedly — and she isn’t the only unwanted guest at the tea party. 

Geneviève Lebleu is a multidisciplinary artist from Québec City and is currently based in Montreal. Her work was featured in various events, exhibitions and festivals.

A Short History of the Blockade is a book by Leanne Betasamosake Simpson. (University of Alberta Press, Zahra Siddiqui)

A Short History of the Blockade was a lecture given by Leanne Betasamosake Simpson, as part of the CLC Kreisel Lecture Series. In A Short History of the Blockade, Simpson uses Michi Saagiig Nishnaabeg storytelling techniques to look at Indigenous blockades through the lens of the beaver, an animal known for building dams, which are natural blockades. A Short History of the Blockade looks at the intersection between culture, politics and nature and posits that dams, and blockades, are world-building and life-giving practices that have the potential to shape, or reshape, life as we know it.

Simpson is a Michi Saagiig Nishnaabeg scholar, activist, musician, artist, author and member of Alderville First Nation. Her work often centres on the experiences of Indigenous Canadians. Her other books include Islands of Decolonial Love, This Accident of Being Lost, Dancing on Our Turtle’s Back and As We Have Always Done. 

Ideas53:59The Brilliance of Beavers: Learning from an Anishnaabe World

Renowned Michi Saagiig Nishnaabeg scholar and artist, Leanne Betasamosake Simpson talks about the philosophy and ethics that undergird Anishnaabe worlds in her 2020 Kreisel Lecture entitled, A Short History of the Blockade: Giant Beavers, Diplomacy and Regeneration in Nishnaabewin. *Originally aired on April 16, 2020. 53:59

Not On My Watch is a book by Alexandra Morton. (Random House Canada, Chris Corday/CBC)

Alexandra Morton is a biologist and activist with a mission: to save British Columbia’s wild salmon. She’s been dedicated to this cause for 30 years. Not on My Watch chronicles this long fight, but also provides a roadmap for those who want to take up the cause and protect other natural habitats themselves.

Morton is a biologist and activist known for her research on ocean-based salmon farming. She has authored more than 20 scientific papers on the impact of salmon farming. Not on My Watch is her first book.

As It Happens27:32How this killer whale researcher ended up in a decades-long struggle to save wild salmon

Alexandra Morton had planned to devote her life to studying orcas, but when fish farms moved into her remote B.C. community, she couldn’t ignore their impact on wild salmon. The biologist has chronicled her decades-long crusade against open-net aquaculture in her new book, Not on My Watch. 27:32

Life in the City of Dirty Water is a book by Clayton Thomas-Muller. (Allen Lane, Thelma Young Lutunatabua)

A memoir by Cree activist Clayton Thomas-Muller, Life in the City of Dirty Water covers his entire life: from playing with toy planes as a way to escape from domestic and sexual abuse and enduring the intergenerational trauma of Canada’s residential school system; to becoming a young man who fought against racism and violence, but also spent time in juvenile prison; to becoming a committed activist. Along the way, Thomas-Muller tries to remain tied to his Cree heritage and spirituality.

Thomas-Muller is a member of the Treaty #6 based Mathias Colomb Cree Nation located in Northern Manitoba. He’s campaigned on behalf of Indigenous peoples around the world for more than 20 years, working with numerous organizations. 

The Sunday Magazine8:37Clayton Thomas-Müller reads from his memoir Life in the City of Dirty Water

In an adapted excerpt from his newly-released book Life in the City of Dirty Water: A Memoir of Healing, Cree author and activist Clayton Thomas-Müller reflects on his own family’s history with residential schools, and the path forward. 8:37

Farm payment scheme criticised for ‘lack of ambition’

Published:
3:05 PM December 2, 2021



Updated:
3:54 PM December 2, 2021

The government’s much-vaunted new green payment scheme has earned a lukewarm response from East Anglian farmers – while conservationists criticised its “shocking lack of ambition” for helping wildlife.

Environment secretary George Eustice outlined how the government aims to help farmers “deliver on environmental priorities to tackle biodiversity loss and climate change”. 

He also revealed some long-awaited details of the Sustainable Farming Incentive (SFI), due to be rolled out next year.

It is the first of three new environmental land management (ELM) schemes being introduced while the EU’s system of land-based subsidies is being phased out after Brexit.

Farmers will be paid for providing environmental benefits, such as improving grasslands and soils.

But the payment rates prompted disappointment from farmers, who questioned whether they reflected the cost of providing these so-called “public goods”.

Gary Ford, East Anglia regional director for the National Farmers’ Union (NFU), said: “Farm businesses in East Anglia have been crying out for clarity around the scheme so today’s announcement is a step forward. However, we need further steps before farmers have enough information to make informed decisions.

“It is crucial that the SFI recognises the significant costs farmers could incur in delivering public goods and that this is reflected in the payment rates. All this is happening against a backdrop of direct payments being phased out so it is critically important that Defra makes the right decisions. 

“This issue must be addressed if Defra is to attract the participation that it anticipates and that is required to deliver the environmental ambition of the scheme.”

Meanwhile, the announcement was described as a “huge disappointment” by the UK’s three largest nature charities.

The Wildlife Trusts, National Trust and RSPB said the scheme missed an opportunity to boost nature-friendly farming, potentially putting promises made by the government in its 25-year environment plan in jeopardy. 

Craig Bennett, chief executive of The Wildlife Trusts, said it shows a “shocking lack of ambition which does very little to address the climate and nature crises”. 

Eliot Lyne, chief executive of the Norfolk Wildlife Trust, added: “In light of the huge challenges our natural environment faces, it is vital that agricultural productivity in Norfolk does not come at a cost to our wildlife.

“We already know from our collaborative work with Norfolk landowners that there are better ways forward for farming and wildlife. 


Eliot Lyne, chief executive of Norfolk Wildlife Trust


Eliot Lyne, chief executive of Norfolk Wildlife Trust

– Credit: Danielle Booden

“Norfolk has always been a pioneering county for farming, and this is equally the case for regenerative agriculture. Across the county, we are seeing a great many landowners leading the way in farming with nature, environment, climate and human wellbeing in mind.  

“With adequate support, our farmers are vitally positioned to help create a healthier, more resilient, natural landscape.  

“If farmers are not properly incentivised as we fight species loss and climate change then countless extremely rare species with a stronghold in Norfolk face national extinction.” 

Mr Eustice made the announcement at the Country Land and Business Association (CLA) conference.


Cath Crowther, regional director for CLA East. Picture: Sonya Duncan


Cath Crowther, regional director for CLA East. Picture: Sonya Duncan

– Credit: Sonya Duncan

CLA East regional director Cath Crowther said it was a “major milestone” for agricultural incentive schemes, with “great importance for farmers and landowners here in the east”.

But she said there were still many concerns over farm finances as the Basic Payment Scheme, which distributes the current subsidies, is phased out.

“Make no mistake, whilst many farmers are very supportive of the direction of travel, they are deeply concerned about the transition from the old regime to the new, particularly regarding imminent cuts to the Basic Payment Scheme,” she said.

“Whilst high commodity prices in some sectors will help cushion the blow, we should remember that many farms operate on small profit margins.

“It is therefore incumbent on government to ensure every farmer is supported in the years ahead.”

Mr Eustice said the government needed to be clear about the policy outcomes it seeks, adding: “These are to halt the decline in species abundance by 2030; to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions; to plant up to 10,000 hectares of trees per year in England, to improve water quality; to create more space for nature in the farmed landscape; and to ensure that we have a vibrant and profitable food and farming industry.”

PAYMENT RATES

The Sustainable Farming Incentive will initially allow farmers to select from three “standards” to deliver improved outcomes for the environment.

  • The Arable and Horticultural Soils standard offers between £22 – £40 per hectare and includes activities such as testing of soil organic matter. 
  • The Improved Grassland Soils standard offers between £28 – £58 per hectare for activity including producing a soil management plan or herbal leys on at least 15pc of land. 
  • The Moorland and Rough Grazing standard offers £148 fixed per agreement per year, plus an additional variable payment rate of £6.45 per hectare.

Defra said farmers will be able to access up to £58 per hectare for improving soils from next year. As the rollout progresses, further standards will be included to deliver wider environmental outcomes, such as improving hedgerows and combining trees or shrubs with crop and livestock farming.

Say Hello to the Scientist Harvesting Clues About Ancient Gourds and Maize | Smithsonian Voices

A pile of gourds spilling out of a tipped over container onto a brick floor with a bale of straw in the background.
Modern gourds like pumpkins typically taste sweet, while their wild relatives are incredibly bitter. At the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, archaeobotanist Logan Kistler studies how cultivated gourds gained their flavor.
Bunches and Bits Karina, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

There’s always that friend who goes gourd-crazy in the fall. But for some, this seasonal obsession is a lifelong profession.

At the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, one scientist has made a career of studying ancient gourds and other crops to understand more about the roots of plant domestication.

In this “Meet a SI-entist,” archaeobotanist Logan Kistler shares how he became interested in plant and human relationships and the knowledge he’s harvested along the way.

What started you down the path to researching ancient plants and their genomes?

I grew up in Kentucky near Mammoth Cave, which is an important geologic and cultural site. I did some archaeological research there as part of my college coursework. I also worked there as a park ranger for a couple summers. It started to show me how we can learn about people who lived in the past from the material remains they left behind.

Later, I became intrigued by the crops that feed the world. Almost everybody relies on them. Plant domestication has been such an important process in humanity worldwide. It enabled the social changes that inspired technological development for ancient humans. So, combining archaeology and plant science came naturally to me as I worked on understanding the past.

None

Logan Kistler conducts research on gourd evolution across South America. One of his sites is based in Brazil.

Mato Grosso

You are an archaeologist who studies ancient plants, or an archaeobotanist. But you also look at ancient plant DNA. How do these three fields — archaeology, botany and genomics — overlap?

Archaeology is using material remnants of past societies to learn more about people in different times and places. Archaeobotany is examining all the little pieces of plants people have used in the past, like traces of seeds at archaeological digs, to study past diets. It involves thinking about how patterns in plant use reflect changes over time. And archaeogenomics is using those same plant tissues preserved in archaeological sites and extracting their genetic material to see how they evolved.

So, archaeobotany tracks plants’ changes through their physical characteristics and archaeogenomics looks to the genome to understand what happened to plants in terms of natural selection and evolution.

All of these can tell us more about human-environment interactions and how non-human species have evolved alongside people.

One common example of a human-environment interaction is plant domestication. But that process hasn’t been quick or easy historically. What does it involve?

Overall, plant domestication is a process where humans first change a landscape. Then, plants move into that landscape and evolve to be more fit in the human environment. It’s a mutualistic evolution of plants in a human environment — or a symbiotic relationship. Humans get a stable food supply and plants are reliably planted, ensuring their species exists for another generation.

You’ve done a lot of research on the modern gourds we eat today and their non-cultivated counterparts. How did crops like pumpkins, butternut squash and spaghetti squash evolve through this type of mutualistic interaction?

None

Ancient megafauna like mastodons ate wild gourds. Through their dung, they spread gourd seeds around the Americas.

Regina Hart, no changes made, CC BY 2.0

A few years ago, we were looking into the domestication of squashes and pumpkins, which come from all over the Americas and show up pretty early in the archaeological record, about 10 thousand years ago. If you look at gourds in the wild, they’re about the size of baseballs and are hard as a rock. They’re extremely bitter and moderately toxic. But from these horrible things, you get today’s squashes, gourds and zucchini.

To understand gourd domestication, our team ran several analyses. The findings suggested the natural history of the plant was that it was dispersed by large megafauna herbivores, like mastodons, through their dung. But when megafauna went extinct, the gourds were left without an ecological partner to eat them and distribute their seeds across the landscape. Onto the scene came humans, creating disturbed habitats and developing a new niche for these wild gourds. This arrival offered an opportunity for the gourds to adapt. So, the plants evolved to be palatable for humans to ensure they’d continue to be planted and survive.

Crop survival is a hot topic now because of the climate crisis. Where does your work on past plant domestication and biodiversity fit into the ongoing conversation about agriculture challenges in our rapidly warming world?

While research we do on the past will not solve the climate crisis, it does highlight how traditional Indigenous farmers have maintained biodiversity, prioritized ecological management and created sustainable food systems in part by using biodiversity.

From our research, we can see that the knowledge and activities of traditional farmers led to a situation where most domesticated plants we now cultivate have as much diversity as they originally did in the wild. There was very little loss of diversity during this process. It’s more of a re-shaping of populations.

None

Analyzing ancient DNA from maize has allowed Logan Kistler and his colleagues to understand more about how the plant species was domesticated.

Thomas Harper, The Pennsylvania State University

Take domesticated maize, which evolved in landscapes over millennia, and has significant genetic diversity. Compare that to the corn grown in the Midwest. That corn is hugely important worldwide, but has low genetic diversity, which makes it vulnerable. It’s the same principle as what happened with the potato famine in Ireland. When you grow from a very small genetic subset of a crop, you have no natural resistance to threats sometimes.

Basically, there is resilience in genetic diversity. That’s one of the most important lessons that we should be thinking about today. We should be looking to Indigenous knowledge and expertise in this space, because folks have been managing sustainable food systems while maintaining ecological biodiversity for millennia. Biodiversity is not the only solution to food security as our climate crisis intensifies, but it’s an important piece of the puzzle.

This interview has been edited for length and clarity.

Meet a SI-entist: The Smithsonian is so much more than its world-renowned exhibits and artifacts. It is a hub of scientific exploration for hundreds of researchers from around the world. Once a month, we’ll introduce you to a Smithsonian Institution scientist (or SI-entist) and the fascinating work they do behind the scenes at the National Museum of Natural History.

Related Stories:
How Ancient DNA Unearths Corn’s A-maize-ing History
Our Thanksgiving Menu has Lost a Few Crops
Safety Suit Up: New Clean Room Allows Scientists to Study Fragile Ancient DNA
This Thanksgiving, Try the Real Paleo Diet